Real-time communication transmits packets of video and audio frames, but freezes occur when packets are lost and not recovered in time. Traditional forward error correction (FEC) adds redundancy to handle losses when retransmission is too slow for the playback deadline.
But traditional FEC schemes are inefficient against the bursty losses common in real-world links, can't prioritize recovery within real-time deadlines, and don't adapt to changing network conditions.
The result: freezes, wasted bandwidth, and latency spikes.
